Elements of Gaelic Place-names: a selection     NH, v.3, 010410

 

Key

 

g

genitive case

(e.g. in ‘of the green hill’, green is in the genitive case)

n

nominative case

(e.g. in ‘the green hill’, green is in the nominative case)

f

feminine

(all nouns in Gaelic are either feminine or masculine and adjectives change to match this)

m

masculine

 

s

singular

 

p

plural

 

 

 

1.     Natural features

 

a.     Water courses (rivers, burns)

 

Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments     

 

abhainn

owEn

river

 

na h-

aibhne

n haEn

of the river

 

(an t-)

allt 

(n t)owlt

(the) burn

‘alt’ unstressed

nan

allt

nn owlt

of the burns

 

 

alltan

owltan

wee burn

‘altan’ unstressed

 

àth

a:

ford

‘a’ unstressed

 

caochan

kaochan

wee burn

 

an

steall

styowl

the spout (of water)

 

na

still

n shtEl

of the spout (of water)

 

 

ùidh 

oo:E

channel (between lochs)

 

na h-

ùidhe

n haoE

of the channel

 

 

uisg’

aoshk

water

 

an

uillt

n ooltj

of the burn

 

 

a.     Lochs, pools

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

an

loch

loch

the loch

 

 

lochaidh

lochE

wee loch

 

 

lochain

lochan

wee lochs or of a wee loch  

 

an

lochain

lochan

of the wee loch

 

 

lochan

lochan

wee loch

 

an

lochan

lochan

the wee loch

 

 

poll                

pOool

pool

 

am

pollan

m pOlan

the wee pool

 

a’

phuill

fooEl

of the pool

 

 

sùil

soo:l

‘sùil’ (i.e. lying water in a bog) (eye)

 

 

 

b.    Boggy, mossy and peaty places

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comment      

am

blàr

bla:r

the peat moss

 

 

fèith

fe:

bog

‘fe’ unstressed

na

fèithe

n fe:h

of the bog

‘n fe’ unstressed

nam

fèithean

n fe:hn

of the bogs

 

an

lòin

lO:n

of the moist flat

 

 

lòn

lO:n

moist flat

 

a’

mhòine

vo:ny

the peaty ground

‘vony’ unstressed

 

mòine

mo:ny

peatland

 

na

mòine

n mo:ny

of the peaty ground

‘mony’ unstressed

 

mointeach

montjoch

peaty ground

 

 


c.      Other water features and features in water

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

am

bàgh

m ba:gh

the bay

 

a’

bhàigh

va:E

of the bay

 

an

camas

n kamas

the bay

 

 

creag

krAk

crag (on land) or rock (in water)

 

an

eas

nyes

of the waterfall

 

(an t-)

eas

(n tj)es

(the) waterfall

 

an

easain

nyesan

of the wee waterfalls

 

(an t-)

eilean

(n tj)Alan

(the) island

 

nan

eilean

nnyAlan

of the islands

 

an

eilein

nAln

of the island

 

 

geo

 

gyo

narrow inlet

 

inbhir

EnEoor

bay or confluence

 

 

lùb

loo:p

bend (in river) or bay (in sea)

 

na

lùib

n loo:p

of the bend or bay

 

 

òb

o:p

bay

‘op’ unstressed

 

port

porsht

landing

 

a’

phuirt

foorsht

of the landing

 

an

sgeir

skAr

the skerry

 

 

stac

stahk

(steep hill or) stack

 

 

staca

stahk

(of) (steep hill or) stack

 

 

ùmh           

oo:

cave

 

 

d.    Mountains, hills

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

beinn

bEn

mountain

English ‘ben’

na

beinne

n bEny

of the mountain

 

 

bheinn

vEn

mountain

‘vn’ unstressed

a’

bhinnein

vEnyn

of the pinnacle

 

 

cathair

kahr

fairy knoll

 

na

cathrach

n karoch

of the fairy knoll

 

chnoc

chrohk

of knolls

 

 

 

cnoc

krohk

knoll

 

 

cnuic

kraohk

(of) knoll

 

am

meall     

mEowl

hill

‘mEel’ unstressed

am

meallan

mEelan

hillock

 

an . . .

mheall

n . . . vEel

the . . . hill

unstressed

 

mheallan

vEelan

hillock

 

a’

mheallain

vEeln

of the hillock

 

a’

mhill

vEl

of the hill

 

na

mill

n mEl

the hills

 

am

mullach

mooloch

the summit

 

 

òrd

o:rd

(steep, round) hill

 

am

ploc

m plohk

the lump

 

 

sàil

sa:l

heel

 

an t-

sàil

n ta:l

the heel

n tal’ unstressed

 

sgorr

skor

the peak

 

an

sgùman

skoo:mn

peak

 

an

sgùrr

skoo:r

the peak

‘skoor’ unstressed

an

sìthean

shE:han

the fairy hill

‘shEhan’ unstressed

 

spidean

spEtjAn

pinnacle

(‘bidein’ not used in W. Ross)

Gaelic

Say

Meaning

Comments

 

 

spiodan

spEtan

pinnacle

(‘bidein’ not used in W. Ross)

 

stac

stahk

steep hill or stack

 

 

staca

stahk

(of) steep hill or stack

 

 

stùc

stoo:hk

peak

‘stoohk’ unstressed

an

tom

n tOm

hill

 

an

toman

n toman

the hillock

 

 

tòrr

to:r

hill

 

an

torran

n toran

the hillock

 

an

torrain

n toran

of the hillock

 

an

tuim

n taoEm

of the hill

‘toom’ unstressed

 

e.      Other terms for high ground

 

Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

àird 

a:rt

promontory

 

an . . .

bhràigh

n . . . vraE

the . . . upland

but . . . before some letters

a’

bhràghad

vra:t

of the upland

 

a’

bhràighe

vra:E

of the upland

 

am

bràigh’

m bra:E

the upland

before a vowel

am

bràighe

m bra:E

the upland

 

an

càrn

n ka:rn

the cairn (natural or built)  ‘karn’ unstressed

 

an

càrnan

ka:rnan

the wee cairn

‘karnan’ unstressed

 

drochaid

drohEtj

ridge (from bridge)

W. Ross pronunciation without ‘ch’ sound

na

drochaide

n drohetj

of the ridge

 

na

droma

n drom

of the ridge

 

 

druim

drooEm

ridge

 

 

gob

gOp

point

 

 

goban 

gOpan

wee beak

 

an

rubha

roo,oo

the headland or point

‘roo’ unstressed

 

sròin

stro:n

point

 

 

sròn

stro:n

point

‘stron’ unstressed

an t-

sròn

n tro:n

of the point

‘tron’ unstressed

 

teanga

tjega

tongue

 

na

teangaidh

ntjeghE

of the tongue

 

 

 

f.      Slopes

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

an

aghaidh

n ghE

the face

 

na h-

aghaidh

n hghE

of the face

 

 

bruthach

broooch

brae

variation of ‘bruthaich’

 

bruthaich 

brooEch

brae

variation of ‘bruthach’

 

cnap

krahp

lump

 

 

cnapach

krahpoch

lumpy

 

an

dìridh

n jE:rE

the ascent

‘jErE’ unstressed

an

leathad

lye,at

the slope

‘le,at’ or ‘let’ unstressed

an

leitir

lyAhtjr

the hillslope

 

na . . .

leitire

n. . . lAhtjr

of the hillslope

 

 

maol

maol

bare hillside

 

a’

mhaoile

vaol

of the bare hillside

 

 

g.     Rock words and features

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

a’

chreag

chrAk

the crag

 

 

creag

krAk

crag (on land) or rock (in water)

 

 

creagan

krAkan

little crag

 

na

creige

n krAk

of the crag

 

a’

chùirn

choo:rn

of the cairn

 

 

clach

klach

stone

 

nan

clach

nn klach

of the stones

 

na

cloiche

n klohE

of the stone

W. Ross pronunciation

leac

lyehk

slab

 

 

na

lice

n lyEhk

of the slab

 

an

sgeir

skAr

the skerry

 

 

h.    Valleys, hollows and passes

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

achlais

achlash

hollow

(armpit)

na h-

achlaise

n hachlash

of the hollow

 

am

bealach

m byaloch

the pass

 

a’

bhealaich

vyalEch

of the pass

 

an

cadha

n ka,a

the pass

 

na

cadhachan

n ka,ochn

the passes

 

nan

cadhaichean

nn kaEchn

of the passes

 

an . . .

choire

n chor

of the . . . corrie

e.g. an garbh choire

a’

choire

chor

of the corrie

 

a’

choireag

choryak

of the wee corrie

 

 

clais 

klash

gully

 

na

claise

n klash

of the gully

 

an

coire

n kor

the corrie (hollow)

 

 

coireag

koryak

wee corrie

 

 

coir’

kor

corrie

(before a vowel)

 

cùil

koo:l

neuk (nook)

 

nan

cùileagan

nn koo:lakn

of the neuks (nooks)

 

a’

ghlac

ghlahk

the hollow

 

a’

ghlinne

ghlEny

of the glen (valley)

 

glac

glahk

hollow

 

 

na

glaice

n glahk

of the hollow

 

 

gleann

glown

glen (valley)

‘glen’ unstressed

innis

EnEsh

haugh (hollow)

 

 

na h-

innse

n hEnsh

of the haugh (hollow)

 

lag

lak

hollow

 

 

 

nead

nyet

nest

 

 

nid

nyEtj

(of) nest

 

an . . .

tholl

n haol

the . . . hollow

 

a’ . . .

thuill

∂ . . . hooEl

of the hollow

‘haol’ unstressed

an

toll

n tOool

the hollow

‘tOl’ unstressed

a’ . . .

tuill

. . . taol

of the . . . hollow

 

an

tuill

n tooEl

of the hollow

‘taol’ unstressed

 

srath

stra

strath (broad valley)

 

 

i.       Woods, trees, plants, natural elements

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

bad

bat

clump

 

 

badan

batan

wee clump

 

 

beithe

bAh

(of) birch

 

a’

bhainne

vany

of the milk

 

a’

chaorainn

chaorn

of the rowan

 

an . . .

choille

n . . . chaoly

the . . . wood

e.g. an dubh choille

na . . .

choille

n chaoly

of the . . . wood

e.g. na gearra choille

a’

chòineach

chO:nyoch

the moss

 

a’

chòinteach

chO:ntjoch

the moss

‘chOntjoch’ unstressed

 

chuilinn

choolEn

of holly

 

 

coille

kaoly

wood

 

na

coille

n kaoly

of the wood

 

 

còinnich

ko:nyEch

mossy or of moss

 

 

cuileann

kooln

holly

 

 

doir’

daor

grove

before a vowel 

an

doire

n daor

the grove

e.g. An Doire Beithe

an

doire

n daor

of the grove

e.g. Allt an Doire Dharaich

 

doireachan

daorochn

groves

 

nan

doireachan

nn daorochn

of the groves

 

 

darach

daroch

oak

 

an

daraich

n darEch

of the oak

 

 

dharaich

gharEch

(of) oak

 

 

feàrna

fya:rn

alder

 

am

feur

fEar

the grass

 

 

fheàrna

ya:rn

of alder

 

an

fhiodha

nigh

of the wood (timber)

 

a’

ghiuthais

yoo,oosh

of the fir

 

 

giubhais

goo,oosh

fir

 

 

Eoo:

?yew

oo:’ in speech

 

rainich

ranyEch

of the rushes

 

 

raineach

ranyoch

rushes

 

 

rointeach

rontjoch

rushes

 

 

seileach

shAloch

willow

 

 

seilich

shAlEch

of willow

 

 

 

j.       Animals, birds, fish

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

na

bèiste

n bAshtj

of the beast

 

a’

bhric

vrEhk

of the trout

 

nam

biast

nm bEst

of the beasts

 

nan

caorach

nn kaoroch

of the sheep

 

a’

chruidh

chraoE

of the cattle

 

a’

choin

chon

of the dog

‘a’ choin uidhre’ is of the otter

nan

con

nn kon

of the dogs

 

 

cuileag

koolak

fly

 

an

daimh

n day

of the stag

 

nan

damh

nn dav

of the stags

 

 

each

ech

horse

 

nan

each

n nyech

of the horses

 

an

eich

nyAch

of the horse

 

an

eòin

nyo:n

of the bird

 

 

eun

Ean

bird

 

nan

eun

n nEan

of the birds

 

an

fhithich

nE,Ech

of the raven

 

nan

gobhar

nn gOoor

of the goats

 

na

goibhre

n gaoEr

of the goat 

 

na h-

iolaire

n hElar

of the eagle

 

 

laogh

laogh

calf

 

nan

laogh

n laogh

of the calves

usually, deer calves

an

laoigh

looE

of the calf

 

nam

madadh

n matE

of the foxes

 

a’

mhadaidh

vatE

of the fox

 

nam

muc

n moohk

of the pigs

 

na

muice

n maohk

of the pig

 

an

tairbh

taray

of the bull

 

an

uain

n ooan

of the lamb

 

 

uan

ooan

lamb

 

nan

uan

nn ooan

of the lambs

 

 

k.    Locational terms and parts of the body

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

achlais

achlash

hollow

(armpit)

na h-

achlaise

n hachlash

of the hollow

 

an

aghaidh

n ghE

the face

 

na h-

aghaidh

n hghE

of the face

 

an

ceann

n kyown

the end or the head

‘kyan’ or ‘kyow’ unstressed

nan

ceann

nn kyown

of the heads

 

 

cheann

chyown

head

 

a’

chinn

chEn

of the end or head

 

a’

chùl

choo:l

the back

chool’ unstressed

na

crìche

n krEch

of the boundary

 

a’

chìoch

chEch

the breast

 

 

crìoch

krEoch

boundary

 

 

cùl

koo:l

back

 

na

droma

n drom

of the ridge

 

 

druim

drooEm

ridge

(back)

 

gob

gOp

point

 

 

sàil

sa:l

heel

 

an t-

sàil

n ta:l

the heel

n tal’ unstressed


1.     Colour terms

 

      Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

bàn

ba:n

fair (nms)

 

 

bàine

ba:n

fair (gfs)

 

 

bhàin

va:n

fair (gms)

 

 

bhreac

vrehk

speckled (nfs)

vrEhk’ locally

 

bhuidhe

vooE

yellow (nfs)

 

 

breac

brAhk

speckled (nms)

 

 

brice

brEhk

speckled (gfs)

 

 

buidhe

booE

yellow (nms)

 

 

dearg

jerek

red (nms)

 

 

dearga

jerek

red (p)

 

 

deirg

jArAk

red (gfs)

 

 

dhearg

yerek

red (nfs)

 

 

dheirg

yArAk

red (gms)

 

 

dhubh

ghoo

black (nfs)

 

 

dhuibh

ghooE

black (gms)

 

 

donn

dOoon

brown (nms)

 

 

dubh

doo

black (nms)

 

 

dùbh

doo:

black

(strongly) stressed

 

duibhe

dooE

black (gfs)

 

 

dubha

doooo

black (p)

 

 

fionn

fyoon

white (nms)

 

 

geala

gyal

white (p)

 

 

ghlais

ghlash

grey or green (gms)

 

 

ghlas

ghlas

grey or green (nfs)

 

 

ghorm

ghorom

green or blue (nfs)

 

 

glas

glas

grey or green (nms)

 

 

glasa

glas

grey or green (p)

 

 

glaise

glash

grey (gfs)

 

 

gorm

gorom

green or blue (nms)

 

 

guirm

gooroom

green or blue (gfs)

 

 

lèith

le: / lye:

grey or hoary (gm/fs)

depends on gender

 

liath

lyE / lE

grey or hoary (nf/ms)

depends on gender

 

odhar

Ooor

light brown (ns)

 

 

riabhach

rEoch

brindled (ns or p)

 

 

riabhaich

rE,Ech

brindled (gs)

 

 

ruadh

roogh

reddish-brown (ns)

 

 

ruaidhe

rooE

reddish-brown (gfs)

 

 

uaine

ooany

green

 

 

uidhir

aoEr

light brown (gs)

variation of ‘uidhre’

 


2.     Artificial features

 

a.     Areas of land

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

acha’

ach

hill-field

see ‘achadh’

 

achadh

achgh   

hill-field

‘achk’ or ‘ach’ unstressed

an

achaidh

nachE   

of the hill-field

 

 

achd

achk

hill-field

see ‘achadh’

 

crait

kratj

croft

variation of ‘croit’

 

lota

lohta

croft

 

a’

phàirce

fa:rky

the park

 

 

raon

raon

field

 

an

ruigh

rE

the shieling ground

 

an

ruighe

rE

of the shieling ground

 

 

b.    Dwellings and other structures

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

àirigh 

a:rE

shieling

‘arE’ unstressed

 

àthann

a:han

kiln

 

 

baile

bal

township

 

an . . .

bhaile

n . . . val

of the . . . township  

but . . . before some letters

a’

bhàthaich

va:Ech

of the byre

 

 

buaile 

bool

the (cattle) fold

 

nam

buailtean

nm booaltjn

of the (cattle) folds

 

 

cachaileath

kachla

gateway

 

an

caisteal

n kashtl

the castle

 

an

càrn

n ka:rn

the cairn (natural or built)  ‘karn’ unstressed

 

 

cidhe

kE,E

jetty

 

 

cladh               

klaogh

graveyard

 

 

dùn

doo:n

fort

‘doon’ unstressed

am

fasadh

fasgh

the dwelling-place

 

am

fuaran

fooran

the well

 

 

fhuaran

ooran

well

 

na

fùirneis

n foo:rnash

of the furnace

 

 

làrach

la:roch

remains (of building)

‘laroch’ unstressed

 

pasaid

pasatj

passage

(access way through crofts)

a’

phasaid

fasatj

the passage

 

 

rathad

rahat

road

 

 

sràid

stra:tj

street

 

 

taigh

taE

house

 

an

taighe

n tahE

of the house

‘ta’ unstressed

an

teallach

n tjaloch

the forge

 

an

teallaich

n tjalEch

of the forge

 

 

tobhta

tOhta

ruin

 

 

tuathanas

tooans

farm

 

 


c.      Occupations, implements

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

a’

ghobha

ghOoo

of the smith

 

a’

ghobhann

ghOoon

of the smith

 

 

gobha

gOoo

(black) smith

 

a’

mhuidhe

vooE

of the churn

 

am

poca

m pohk

the bag

 

nan

ramh

n ra:v

of the oars

 

an

rathain

rahan

of the pulley

 

na

rathanan

n rahann

the pulleys

 

nan

sealg

n shalak

of the hunts

 

 

3.     Types of people and names

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

a’

bhodaich

votEch

of the old man

 

am

bodach

botoch

the old man

 

na

caillich

n kalyEch

of the old woman

 

a’

chailleach

chalyoch

the old woman

 

 

Dhomhnaill

gho:ol

Donald’s

see also ‘Domhnaill’

 

Domhnaill

do:ol

Donald

‘Donald’s’ after some letters

(l, n, r)

 an

duine

doony

the man

 

 

Eachainn

echn

of Hector

 

nam

fear

n fer

of the men

 

 

Fhearchair

erechr

of Farquhar

 

an

fhomhair

noar

of the giant

 

 

mac

mahk

son

 

 

màthair

ma:hr

mother

 

a’

mhaighdean

vaoEtjn

the maiden

 

 

mhic

vEhk

of the son

 

 

Mhic ’illeathain

vEhkElyn

of Maclean

 

 

Mhurchaidh

vooroochE

of Murdo

 

na

nighinn

n nyE,En

of the daughter

variation of ‘inghe’ but ‘na h-inghinn’ (n hEnE,En) in Gairloch


4.     Other descriptive terms

 

            Gaelic Say      Meaning         Comments

 

beag

bAk

wee (nms)

 

 

beaga

bAk

wee (p)

 

 

bheag

vAk

wee (nfs)

 

 

bhig

vEk

wee (gms)

 

 

bhriste

vrEshtj

broken (nfs)

 

 

bige

bEk

wee (gfs)

 

 

biorach

bEroch

sharp (nms)

 

 

briste

brEshtj

broken (nms)

 

 

caime

kaEm

crooked or hidden or one-eyed (gfs)

 

 

cam

kowm

crooked or hidden or one-eyed

 

 

caol

kaol

narrow (nms)

 

 

caolas

kaols

narrows

 

 

chaim

chaEm

crooked or hidden or one-eyed (gms)

 

 

chaol

chaol

narrow (nfs)

 

 

cheud

chEt

hundred

 

 

chrom

chrOoom

curved or crooked

 

 

chrombuill

chrowmbool

winding

 

 

clàir

kla:r

flat

 

 

crom

krOoom

curved or crooked

 

 

domhainn

doEn

deep (nms)

 

 

doimhne

daon

deep (gfs)

 

 

fada

fat

long (nms or p)

 

 

fhiadhaich

EEch

wild

 

 

fhuar

hoor

cold (nfs)

 

 

frìth

frE:

small

‘frE’ unstressed

 

fuar

foor

cold (nms)

 

 

garbh

garav

rough (nms)

also ‘gara

 

geàrr

gya:r

short

‘gyar’ unstressed

 

gharbh

gharav

rough (nfs)

 

 

ghrànda

ghra:nt

ugly or nasty (nfs or p)

 

 

gobhlach

gO:loch

forked

 

 

gun

gn

without

 

 

ìosal

E: sl

low (ns or p)

 

 

ìsle

E:shl

low (gs)

 

 

is

is

and

n.b. say ‘is’, not ‘iz’

 

leathan

lehen

broad

 

 

meadhanach

mEanoch

middle

 

 

mheadhanach

vEanoch

middle

 

 

mhòir

vO:r

big (gms)

 

 

mhòr

vO:r

big (nfs)

 

 

mòire

mO:r

big (gfs)

 

 

mòr

mO:r

big (nms)

 

 

mòra

mO:r

big (p)

 

 

rèidh

re:

smooth (g/ns)

 

 

seana

shen

old

 

 

seann

shown

old

 

 

sgoilte

skoltj

split

 

 

tarsainn

tarsn

transverse or sideways

 

 

© Nevis Hulme, 2010

 

This document may be printed for personal study so long as it is not redistributed or used for profit.

 

 

Nevis Hulme, 6 Allt Grìsean, Geàrrloch, Siorrachd Rois, IV21 2DZ  

           

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